1Paul, bondman of Jesus Christ, [a] called apostle, separated to ⁰God's glad tidings,

2(which he had before promised by his prophets in holy writings,)

3concerning his Son (come of David's seed according to flesh,

4marked out Son of ¹God in power, according to [the] Spirit of holiness, by resurrection of [the] dead) Jesus Christ our Lord;

5by whom we have received grace and apostleship in behalf of his name, for obedience of faith among all the nations,

6among whom are ye also [the] called of Jesus Christ:

7to all that are in Rome, beloved of ²God, called saints: Grace to you and peace from ³God our Father and [our] Lord Jesus Christ.

8First, I thank my ⁴God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is proclaimed in the whole world.

9For ⁵God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the glad tidings of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you,

10always beseeching at my prayers, if any way now at least I may be prospered by the will of ⁶God to come to you.

11For I greatly desire to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to establish you;

12that is, to have mutual comfort among you, each by the faith [which is] in the other, both yours and mine.

13But I do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, that I often proposed to come to you, (and have been hindered until the present time,) that I might have some fruit among you too, even as among the other nations also.

14I am a debtor both to Greeks and barbarians, both to wise and unintelligent:

15so, as far as depends on me, am I ready to announce the glad tidings to you also who [are] in Rome.

16For I am not ashamed of the glad tidings; for it is ⁷God's power to salvation, to every one that believes, both to Jew first and to Greek:

17for righteousness of ⁸God is revealed therein, on the principle of faith, to faith: according as it is written, But the just shall live by faith.

18For there is revealed wrath of ⁹God from heaven upon all impiety, and unrighteousness of men holding the truth in unrighteousness.

19Because what is known of ¹⁰God is manifest among them, for ¹¹God has manifested [it] to them,

20— for from [the] world's creation the invisible things of him are perceived, being apprehended by the mind through the things that are made, both his eternal power and divinity, — so as to render them inexcusable.

21Because, knowing ¹²God, they glorified [him] not as ¹³God, neither were thankful; but fell into folly in their thoughts, and their heart without understanding was darkened:

22professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

23and changed the glory of the incorruptible ¹⁴God into [the] likeness of an image of corruptible man and of birds and quadrupeds and reptiles.

24Wherefore ¹⁵God gave them up [also] in the lusts of their hearts to uncleanness, to dishonour their bodies between themselves:

25who changed the truth of ¹⁶God into falsehood, and honoured and served the creature more than him who had created [it], who is blessed for ever. Amen.

26For this reason ¹⁷God gave them up to vile lusts; for both their females changed the natural use into that contrary to nature;

27and in like manner the males also, leaving the natural use of the female, were inflamed in their lust towards one another; males with males working shame, and receiving in themselves the recompense of their error which was fit.

28And according as they did not think good to have ¹⁸God in [their] knowledge, ¹⁹God gave them up to a reprobate mind to practise unseemly things;

29being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers,

30back-biters, hateful to ²⁰God, insolent, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

31void of understanding, faithless, without natural affection, unmerciful;

32who knowing the righteous judgment of ²¹God, that they who do such things are worthy of death, not only practise them, but have fellow delight in those who do [them].